My previous understanding of the term 'aioli' was basically that it meant 'fancy mayo'. To find out more, I went to my trusty food-informant (the world wide web) and it seemed I wasn't the only one who was curious about the difference between the two condiments.
What I learned is that purists would consider a traditional aioli to be an emulsion of garlic, lemon juice and extra virgin olive oil, ground and combined with a mortar and pestle. No exceptions, no substitutions.
Then, classic French aioli took the traditional recipe and added a single ingredient, egg yolk. The result is what we would call garlic mayonnaise. The addition of the egg yolk significantly increased the emulsion power and now, thankfully, because the egg emulsion isn't as delicate as the garlic-only emulsion, the ingredients can be whisked by hand or with an electric blender. Remove the garlic from this recipe and we have good ol' fashioned mayo.
These days, aioli, as a popular term, is being used interchangeably to refer to any of these three recipes. This shift in the use of the term can be confusing. Does the aioli contain garlic? Does it contain egg? Is it really just store bought mayo?
We also have variations on aioli where new ingredients are added for flavor. For example, we might find chipotle aioli or this recipe's cranberry aioli.
We also have variations on aioli where new ingredients are added for flavor. For example, we might find chipotle aioli or this recipe's cranberry aioli.